IEC 60254-2 AMD 1-2000 牵引用铅酸蓄电池组第2部分:蓄电池和端子尺寸及电池的极性标记修改1

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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMeasurementofSmokeObscurationUsingaConicalRadiantSourceinaSingleClosedChamber,WiththeTestSpecimenOrientedHorizontally
【原文标准名称】:在单个闭室中利用带水平试样的锥形辐射源测量烟雾昏暗度的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME1995-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E05.21
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:coneheater;fire;fire-test-responsecharacteristic;opticaldensity;smoke;smokeobscuration;Calibration--air/atmosphericanalysisinstruments;Calibration--temperatureanalysisinstrumentation;Closedchambertesting;Conicalradiantheater;Fir
【摘要】:Thistestmethodprovidesameansfordeterminingthespecificopticaldensityofthesmokegeneratedbyspecimensofmaterials,products,orassembliesunderthespecifiedexposureconditions.Valuesdeterminedbythistestarespecifictothespecimenintheformandthicknesstestedandarenotinherentfundamentalpropertiesofthematerial,product,orassemblytested.Thistestmethodusesaphotometricscaletomeasuresmokeobscuration,whichissimilartotheopticaldensityscaleforhumanvision.Thetestmethoddoesnotmeasurephysiologicalaspectsassociatedwithvision.Atthepresenttimenobasisexistsforpredictingthesmokeobscurationtobegeneratedbythespecimensuponexposuretoheatorflameunderanyfireconditionsotherthanthosespecified.Moreover,aswithmanysmokeobscurationtestmethods,thecorrelationwithmeasurementsbyothertestmethodshasnotbeenestablished.Thecurrentsmokedensitychambertest,TestMethodE662,isusedbyspecifiersoffloorcoveringsandintherailtransportationindustries.Themeasurementofsmokeobscurationisimportanttotheresearcherandtheproductdevelopmentscientist.Thistestmethod,whichincorporatesimprovementsoverTestMethodE662,alsowillincreasetheusefulnessofsmokeobscurationmeasurementstothespecifierandtoproductmanufacturers.ThefollowingareimprovementsofferedbythistestmethodoverTestMethodE662:thehorizontalspecimenorientationsolvestheproblemofmeltingandflamingdripsfromverticallyorientedspecimens;theconicalheatsourceprovidesamoreuniformheatinput;theheatinputcanbevariedoverarangeofupto50kW/m2,ratherthanhavingafixedvalueof25kW/m2;and,the(optional)loadcellpermitscalculationstobemadeofmassopticaldensity,whichassociatesthesmokeobscurationfire-test-responsecharacteristicmeasuredwiththemassloss.Limitations:Thefollowingbehaviorduringatestrendersthattestinvalid:aspecimenbeingdisplacedfromthezoneofcontrolledirradiancesoastotouchthepilotburnerorthepilotflame;extinctionofthepilotflame(evenforashortperiodoftime)intheflamingmode;moltenmaterialoverflowingthespecimenholder;or,self-ignitioninthenonflamingmode.Asisusualinsmall-scaletestmethods,resultsobtainedfromthistestmethodhaveproventobeaffectedbyvariationsinspecimengeometry,surfaceorientation,thickness(eitheroverallorindividuallayer),mass,andcomposition.Theresultsofthetestapplyonlytothethicknessofthespecimenastested.Nosimplemathematicalformulaexiststocalculatethespecificopticaldensityofaspecimenataspecimenthicknessdifferentfromthethicknessatwhichitwastested.Theliteraturecontainssomeinformationonarelationshipbetweenopticaldensityandspecimenthickness[1].Resultsobtainedfromthistestmethodareaffectedbyvariationsinthepositionofthespecimenandradiometerrelativetotheradiantheatsource,sincetherelativepositioningaffectstheradiantheatflux(seealsoAppendixX2).Thetestresultshaveprovensensitivetoexcessiveaccumulationsofresidueinthechamber,whichserveasadditionalinsulators,tendingtoreducenormallyexpectedcondensationoftheaerosol,therebyraisingthemeasuredspecificopticaldensity(see5.5.8.3and11.1.2).Themeasurementsobtainedhavealsoprovensensitivetodifferencesinconditioning(seeSection10).Manymaterials,products,orassemblies,suchassomecarpeting,wood,plastics,ortextiles,requirelongperiodstoattainequilibrium(constantweight)eveninaforced-draftconditioningchamber.Thissensitivityreflectstheinherentnatu......
【中国标准分类号】:C80
【国际标准分类号】:13_220_40
【页数】:24P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Railwayapplications-Track-Switchesandcrossings-Requirementsforwheel/railinteraction
【原文标准名称】:铁路设施.轨道.铁路侧线和道岔口.车轮/钢轨相互作用要求
【标准号】:BSEN13232-3-2003
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2003-08-29
【实施或试行日期】:2003-08-29
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:定义;轮荷载;试验;轮导;效率;铁路;规范(验收);验收规范;验收检验;铁路设备;性能;验收(鉴定);轮子;铁路车辆零部件;开关;铁路设施;岔道;铁路建造;路面结构;菱形交叉;钢轨;道岔;道岔转换;铁路钢轨;护栏;轨道;轮副;道路平面交叉;轨道(物料装卸设备);导轨;导轨
【英文主题词】:Acceptance(approval);Acceptanceinspection;Acceptancespecification;Crossings;Definition;Definitions;Diamondcrossings;Efficiency;Guardrails;Guiderails;Levelcrossings;Performance;Permanentways;Pointwork;Rails;Railwayapplications;Railwayconstruction;Railwayinstallations;Railwayrails;Railwayvehiclecomponents;Railways;Specification(approval);Superstructure;Switches;Testing;Tracks;Tracks(materialshandlingequipment);Travelways;Turnouts;Wheelguidance;Wheelload;Wheels;Wheelsets
【摘要】:ThispartofthisEuropeanStandardspecifies:—characterisationofwheelandtrackdimensions;—geometricdesignprinciplesforwheelguidance;—designprinciplesforwheelloadtransfer;—decidingwhethermovablecrossingsareneeded.Theseareillustratedbytheirapplicationtoturnoutcomponents:—switches;—crossings;—checkrails.buttheprinciplesapplyequallytomorecomplexlayouts.
【中国标准分类号】:S12
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:20P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语